Floating Data Type – Basic to Advanced

Floating Data Type wo data type hota hai jisme hum decimal numbers store karte hain. Real-world me jaha bhi calculation, measurement, scientific values, engineering data ya financial values aati hain, waha float ka use hota hai. Is guide me hum float ka basic se lekar advanced concept tak sab kuch deep me samjhenge.

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Floating Data Type Kya Hota Hai?

Floating (Float) Data Type decimal point wale numbers ko store karta hai. Jis number me decimal point hota hai wo floating number kehlata hai. Examples:

• 3.14
• 10.5
• -0.98
• 5.0

Ye fractional values store karta hai aur bahut chote se lekar bahut bade decimal numbers handle kar sakta hai.

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Isse “Floating” Kyun Kehte Hain?

Isse Floating isliye bola jata hai kyunki iska decimal point fix nahi hota, balki value ke according “float” karta rehta hai. Examples:

• 3.1415
• 314.15
• 0.00031415

Decimal point number ke size ke hisab se shift hota rehta hai.

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Float Ka Size Aur Range

Float aam taur par 4 bytes memory use karta hai.

Iska approx range hota hai: ±3.4 × 10⁻³⁸ se ±3.4 × 10³⁸ tak

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Float Precision (Accuracy)

Float approx 6 se 7 digits tak accurate hota hai.

Example: Agar aap 3.14159265 store karte ho, to ye approx 3.141593 store karega.

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Float Ki Internal Working (Advanced)

Float memory me 3 parts me store hota hai:

• Sign Bit – Number positive hai ya negative
• Exponent – Decimal point ka position
• Mantissa (Fraction) – Actual value

Is method ko Floating Point Representation kehte hain.

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Float vs Integer – Comparison

Feature	Integer	Float
Meaning	Poore number	Decimal wale number
Precision	Bilkul exact	Approx (6–7 digits)
Speed	Fast	Thoda slow
Use Case	Counting, age, quantity	Measurement, price, temperature

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Advantages of Float

• Decimal values support karta hai
• Memory kam use karta hai
• Calculation fast hoti hai
• Scientific aur engineering data ke liye best

Disadvantages of Float

• Accuracy limited hoti hai
• Rounding errors hoti hain
• Money calculation ke liye suitable nahi

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JavaScript Example Programs

1. Basic Float Example

let price = 99.75;
console.log(price);

2. Float Addition

let a = 5.5;
let b = 2.3;
console.log(a + b);

3. Float Multiplication

let result = 4.5 * 2.0;
console.log(result);

4. Rounding a Float

let num = 3.141592;
console.log(num.toFixed(3));

5. Rounding Error Example

let x = 0.1 + 0.2;
console.log(x);

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Final Summary

Float decimal number store karne ke liye use hota hai. Ye 4 bytes memory leta hai aur 6–7 digits tak precise hota hai. Measurements, scientific data ke liye best hai, lekin rounding errors ki wajah se money calculation me avoid kiya jata hai.